杨余沙+++++李景苏
[摘要] 意图 评论抗菌薇乔线以及皮下放置负压引流管用于防备阑尾切除术切断感染的临床作用。办法 选取阑尾切除术患者540例,随机分为两组,其间对照组266例,调查组274例。对照组患者皮下放置负压引流;调查组患者在对照组根底上加用抗菌薇乔线。成果 调查组患者切断感染率、脂肪液化率均显着低于对照组,换药次数显着少于对照组,拆线时刻、抗生素运用时刻、住院时刻均显着短于对照组,瘢痕宽度显着小于对照组;甲级愈合率显着高于对照组;根本无痛者显着少于对照组,差异均有统计学含义(P<0.05)。 定论 运用抗菌薇乔线及皮下放置负压引流管能够有用防备阑尾切除术切断感染,促进术后切断愈合。
[关键词] 抗菌薇乔线;负压引流;阑尾炎;切断感染
[中图分类号] R656.8[文献标识码] B[文章编号] 1673-9701(2014)15-0116-03
Clinical research on antibacterial vicryl rapide and placing negative pressure drainage under skin preventing incision infection of appendicectomy
YANG Yusha1 LI Jingsu2
1.Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital in Zhejiang Pravince, Taizhou 318000,China; 2.Department of Infectious Disease, the Second Hospital of Jingdezhen City in Jiangxi Province, Jingdezhen 415000,China
[Abstract] Objective To observe the clinical effect of antibacterial vicryl rapide and placing negative pressure drainage under skin preventing incision infection of appendicectomy. Methods A total of 540 cases with appendicectomy were selected and divided into two groups randomly, the control group of 266 cases and the observation group of 247 cases. The control group was treated with placing negative pressure drainage under skin, and the observation group was treated with antibacterial vicryl rapide based on the control group. Results The incision infection rate and fat liquefaction rate of the observation group were evidently lower than that of the control group, the dressing times was evidently less than that of the control group, the stitches time, antibiotic use time and length of stay were evidently shorter than that of the control group, the scar width was evidently less than that of the control group, and the Class-A healing rate was evidently higher than that of the control group. The number without pain was evidently less than that of the control group. The difference was evident between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Applying antibacterial vicryl rapide and placing negative pressure drainage under skin can effectively prevent incision infection of appendicectomy and promote the healing of incision after operation.
[Key words] Antibacterial vicryl rapide; Negative pressure drainage; Appendicitis; Incision infection切断感染是外科手术常见的并发症,发作率高达5%~20%,不只添加了患者的苦楚和医治费用,并且影响创伤愈合,乃至导致手术失利。因而采纳恰当的办法防备术后感染有着重要的临床含义。普外科创伤依据污染状况分为3类,其间一类为清洁创伤,感染几率很低;二类为可能污染创伤,感染率略高;三类创伤以阑尾炎手术切断为代表,本身就存在污染,感染率相对较高,加上手术导致的部分血肿以及缝合线结反响都有可能引起部分安排引流不畅而发作感染[1]。特别是阑尾炎穿孔患者,术后感染率高达30%,首要表现为术后2~3 d体温升高,切断部分肿胀和苦楚,添加了患者的苦楚。本研讨经过对274例阑尾切除术患者施行抗菌薇乔线缝合联合皮下负压引流防备切断感染取得了不错的作用,现报导如下。
1材料与办法
1.1临床材料
选取2011年10月~2013年5月间我院收治的阑尾炎手术患者540例,随机分为两组,其间对照组266例,男132例,女134例;年纪20~72岁,均匀(51.37±5.69)岁;急性化脓性阑尾炎177例,坏疽性阑尾炎89例,其间穿孔32例;BMI指数(22~28)kg/m2,均匀(25.18±2.30)kg/m2;兼并糖尿病28例。调查组274例,男136例,女138例;年纪20~75岁,均匀(52.06±6.14)岁;急性化脓性阑尾炎181例,坏疽性阑尾炎93例,其间穿孔39例;BMI指数(22~29)kg/m2,均匀(25.36±2.42)kg/m2;兼并糖尿病29例。一切患者均契合阑尾炎确诊规范,有显着转移性右下腹苦楚,部分患者伴有反跳痛,行试验室查看可见白细胞水平缓中性粒细胞计数均升高,行B超查看可见右下腹肿大阑尾,扫除其他体系严峻疾病及妊娠期及孕期女人。两组患者在性别、年纪、阑尾炎分类以及兼并症等方面均无显着差异,具有可比性(P>0.05)。
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1.2办法
术前惯例予抗生素操控感染,做麦氏切断或右下腹腹直肌探查切断。开腹时首要做一个小的腹膜切断,将腹腔内脓液吸洁净之后再扩展,外翻腹膜,将其固定在医治巾上,对切断进行妥善维护。惯例切除阑尾安排,运用一般丝线缝扎动脉并包埋残端。重复冲刷切断,对照组和调查组患者别离运用一般丝线和薇乔线缝合腹膜、腹壁,于切断下方3~4 cm处戳孔链接负压瓶[2]。负压瓶制造办法:在一次性输血器管侧壁制造多个侧孔,巨细约为(2×2)mm2。取250 mL玻璃空瓶以及三通带卡管、20 mL注射器,运用注射器抽出瓶中少数空气,使其成为负压状况,制成可控负压引流瓶。
1.3 调查目标
调查两组患者切断感染数、脂肪液化数、换药次数、均匀拆线时刻、抗生素运用时刻、住院时刻以及瘢痕宽度。依据临床疾病确诊与作用判别规范对两组患者愈合状况进行点评:以切断平坦、无红肿和硬结为甲级愈合;以切断红肿有硬结或许部分切断裂开为乙级愈合;以切断彻底裂开为丙级愈合。对两组患者切断状况进行点评:以感觉杰出、无特别不适为根本无痛;以不需要止疼药物即可忍耐且对行走坐卧影响不大的苦楚为细微苦楚;以运用止痛药物能够缓解、对行走坐卧影响不大为中度苦楚;以止痛药物也难以缓解的苦楚为重度苦楚。
1.4 统计学处理
选用SPSS 13.0软件进行剖析,计量材料选用t查验,计数材料选用χ2查验,P<0.05为差异有统计学含义。
2成果
2.1 临床调查目标
调查组患者切断感染率、脂肪液化率均显着低于对照组,换药次数显着少于对照组,拆线时刻、抗生素运用时刻、住院时刻均显着短于对照组,瘢痕宽度显着小于对照组,差异具有统计学含义(P<0.05)。见表1。
2.2 切断愈合状况
调查组患者甲级愈合率显着高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学含义(P<0.05)。见表2。
表2 两组患者切断愈合状况比较[n(%)]
2.3 苦楚状况
调查组患者根本无痛者显着少于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学含义(P<0.05)。见表3。
表3 两组患者切断苦楚状况比较[n(%)]
3评论
外科手术切断的感染与多种要素相关,其间既有患者本身条件,又包含手术的环境、操作等。普外科手术切断分为三类,其间一为清洁切断,发作感染几率很低;二为可能存在污染的切断,发作感染几率较低;三指存在污染的切断,有较高的感染几率,阑尾炎手术切断是其典型代表[3]。特别是坏疽及穿孔性阑尾炎患者、兼并肥壮或许是营养状况较差者,均会添加感染几率。
导致阑尾切除术切断感染的要素许多,多因为腹腔存在较为严峻的污染,术中处理不彻底,导致病原菌残留,并在切断栽培所造成的[4],加上术中动作粗犷加剧了部分安排的损害,或许是缝合时安排层次未能杰出对合构成死腔,均会影响创伤的愈合,导致感染。
经过负压对切断的“向心”拉力,促进部分安排血液循环,有利于坏死物质吸收。继续负压招引,能够将创面以及潜在腔隙的渗液彻底引出,防止渗液在皮下积累,然后确保了创面洁净,有利于安排消肿和肉芽安排生成[5-7]。然后有用缩短病程。一起继续负压招引确保了切断的杰出对合,跟着引流液被引出,引流腔内陷,防止了死腔构成,也削减了病原菌的藏身之所。并且在引流期间,无需常常替换敷料,然后能够有用削减患者的苦楚[8-10]。以防备切断感染为意图的引流,在进行引流时应充沛防止脂肪液化或许是渗液在皮下安排内发作积累而构成感染。充沛负压引流依赖于管道杰出的密闭性。因而在放置引流管后要确保最终一个引流孔也坐落切断内,然后以小纱布对引流管置入方位以及创伤方位进行隐瞒,在负压招引时纱布能够悄悄洼陷,紧紧贴合于皮肤。假如引流物较多,则应考虑添加一根引流管用于冲刷,使引流愈加充沛,促进恢复[9,11,12]。
此外,以往所运用的一般丝线在切断内不行吸收,假如线结在手术的过程中遭到腹腔内病原菌的污染就会一向存留于皮下,成为感染的本源[13-16]。抗菌薇乔线具有可吸收和抗菌两层作用。该线在涂层中参加高纯度的三氯生化合物,而这种物质具有广谱灭菌作用,已经在临床上广泛使用超越30年[16-18]。在体外试验中抗菌薇乔线对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌等多种细菌均有抑制造用[18]。因为该物质并不归于抗生素,仅仅是一种灭菌防腐剂,因而并不会发生耐药性。并且抗菌薇乔线具有可吸收特性,在术后开始的40 d缝线简直不被吸收,而在56~70 d时缝线能够彻底吸收[19-21]。此外,抗菌薇乔线表层所涂物质含有的聚糖乳酸370以及硬脂酸钙,使其在打结时愈加流通和平稳,且精确定位,削减了对安排的损害,也防止了异物留存于切断。尽管运用了抗菌薇乔线,在进行缝合时依然要把握缝合的技巧。缝合过松、过紧或许过浅都有可能影响到切断的愈合,而添加切断感染的几率[22,23]。
在本研讨中,咱们对阑尾切除术患者在运用负压招引的根底上加用抗菌薇乔线进行缝合,患者切断感染率、脂肪液化率显着下降,换药次数显着削减,拆线时刻、抗生素运用时刻、住院时刻显着缩短,瘢痕也缩小,促进了创伤的愈合,也减轻了患者的苦楚。因而咱们以为运用抗菌薇乔线及皮下放置负压引流管可有用防备阑尾切除术切断感染,促进术后切断愈合。
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[10]梁向阳,唐建周,黄俊敏,等. 薇乔抗菌缝线体外打ROEDER结在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的使用[J]. 我国医药导报,2012,9(11):183-184,186.
[11]乔龙飞,牛跃平,任潇毅,等. 抗菌薇乔线及皮下放置负压引流管防备阑尾切除术切断感染临床剖析[J]. 我国有用医药,2013,8(21):103-104.
[12]刘卓志,杨芳,李忠礼,等. 可吸收抗菌缝合线用于腹壁切断难愈窦道的领会[J]. 我国中西医结合急救杂志,2010,17(5):3170.
[13]王梅芬,张龙炯. 皮下放置负压引流管使用于剖宫产切断的作用调查[J]. 中外女人健康(下半月),2013,(1):150.
[14]杨庆菊. 皮下放置引流管防备腹壁切断脂肪液化[J]. 我国社区医生(医学专业),2012,14(4):171.
[15]Bhutani T,Jacob SE. Triclosan: A potential allergen in suture-line allergic contact dermatitis[J]. Dermatologic Surgery,2009,35(5):888-889.
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[17]McCormack T.T.,Abel P.D.,Collins C.D. Abdominal drainage following cholecystectomy: High, low or no suction[J]. Ann R Coll Surg Engl,1983,65(5):326-328.
[18]Hiroshi Yoshida,Yasuhiro Mamada,Nobuhiko Taniai. Placement of percutaneous transhepatic biliary stent using a silicone drain with channels[J]. World Journal Gastroenterology,2009,15(33):4201-4203.
[19]Rajesh Ramanathan,Luke G Wolfe,Therese M Duane,et al. Initial suction evacuation of traumatic hemothoraces: A novel approach to decreasing chest tube duration and complications[J]. American Surgeon,2012,78(8):883-887.
[20]Alessandro Brunelli,Egidio Beretta,Stephen Cassivi,et al. Consensus definitions to promote an evidence-based approach to management of the pleural space. A collaborative proposal by ESTS,AATS,STS and GTSC[J]. European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery,2011,40(2):291-297.
[21]Russo Sebastian G,Cremer Stephan,Galli Tamara. Randomized comparison of the i-gel, the LMA Supreme,and the Laryngeal Tube Suction-D using clinical and fibreoptic assessments in elective patients[J]. BMC Anesthesiology,2013,12(1):18.
[22]Guden M,Korkmaz AA,Onan B, et al. Subxiphoid versus intercostal chest tubes: Comparison of postoperative pain and pulmonary morbidities after coronary artery bypass grafting[J]. Texas Heart Institute Journal,2012,39(4):507-512.
[23]Bart Peeters,Raf Dewil. Polyelectrolyte flocculation of Waste Activated Sludge in decanter centrifuge applications: Lab evaluation by a centrifugal compaction test[J]. Environmental Engineering Science,2011,28(11):765-773.
(收稿日期:2013-11-12)
endprint
[8]文坤明,曾庆良,冯国丽,等. 抗菌薇乔缝线防备胃肠急诊手术切断感染的临床研讨[J]. 我国普外根底与临床杂志,2011,18(9):969-972.
[9]潘屹,常瑞,魏正强,等. 用抗菌薇乔缝线行内减张缝合在胃肠手术创伤的运用[J]. 重庆医学,2013,42(15):1711-1712,1716.
[10]梁向阳,唐建周,黄俊敏,等. 薇乔抗菌缝线体外打ROEDER结在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的使用[J]. 我国医药导报,2012,9(11):183-184,186.
[11]乔龙飞,牛跃平,任潇毅,等. 抗菌薇乔线及皮下放置负压引流管防备阑尾切除术切断感染临床剖析[J]. 我国有用医药,2013,8(21):103-104.
[12]刘卓志,杨芳,李忠礼,等. 可吸收抗菌缝合线用于腹壁切断难愈窦道的领会[J]. 我国中西医结合急救杂志,2010,17(5):3170.
[13]王梅芬,张龙炯. 皮下放置负压引流管使用于剖宫产切断的作用调查[J]. 中外女人健康(下半月),2013,(1):150.
[14]杨庆菊. 皮下放置引流管防备腹壁切断脂肪液化[J]. 我国社区医生(医学专业),2012,14(4):171.
[15]Bhutani T,Jacob SE. Triclosan: A potential allergen in suture-line allergic contact dermatitis[J]. Dermatologic Surgery,2009,35(5):888-889.
[16]Lim JS,Yoo G. Modification of a closed-suction drainage tube using Foley catheter[J]. ANZ Journal of Surgery,2010,80(10):761.
[17]McCormack T.T.,Abel P.D.,Collins C.D. Abdominal drainage following cholecystectomy: High, low or no suction[J]. Ann R Coll Surg Engl,1983,65(5):326-328.
[18]Hiroshi Yoshida,Yasuhiro Mamada,Nobuhiko Taniai. Placement of percutaneous transhepatic biliary stent using a silicone drain with channels[J]. World Journal Gastroenterology,2009,15(33):4201-4203.
[19]Rajesh Ramanathan,Luke G Wolfe,Therese M Duane,et al. Initial suction evacuation of traumatic hemothoraces: A novel approach to decreasing chest tube duration and complications[J]. American Surgeon,2012,78(8):883-887.
[20]Alessandro Brunelli,Egidio Beretta,Stephen Cassivi,et al. Consensus definitions to promote an evidence-based approach to management of the pleural space. A collaborative proposal by ESTS,AATS,STS and GTSC[J]. European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery,2011,40(2):291-297.
[21]Russo Sebastian G,Cremer Stephan,Galli Tamara. Randomized comparison of the i-gel, the LMA Supreme,and the Laryngeal Tube Suction-D using clinical and fibreoptic assessments in elective patients[J]. BMC Anesthesiology,2013,12(1):18.
[22]Guden M,Korkmaz AA,Onan B, et al. Subxiphoid versus intercostal chest tubes: Comparison of postoperative pain and pulmonary morbidities after coronary artery bypass grafting[J]. Texas Heart Institute Journal,2012,39(4):507-512.
[23]Bart Peeters,Raf Dewil. Polyelectrolyte flocculation of Waste Activated Sludge in decanter centrifuge applications: Lab evaluation by a centrifugal compaction test[J]. Environmental Engineering Science,2011,28(11):765-773.
(收稿日期:2013-11-12)
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